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Writer's pictureNicolas Piccolo-Leeser

Everything you need to know about burnout syndrome: causes, symptoms and prevention

Burnout syndrome is a state of deep emotional, physical and mental exhaustion that results from long-term stress. It is often characterized by excessive workloads, but can also have its origins in other areas of life. In today's high-performance society, where constant pressure and high expectations prevail, the topic of burnout is becoming increasingly relevant.

Diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome require a comprehensive understanding of the individual causes and symptoms, as these vary from person to person. Chronic stress leads to a variety of symptoms that affect both work performance and personal well-being, and can ultimately lead to burnout.

An essential step in dealing with burnout syndrome is identifying and understanding the risk factors. This includes both external circumstances and personal characteristics and behaviors that can contribute to the development of burnout. Early recognition of the signs can help to initiate appropriate measures for prevention or treatment.





Basics and Definitions


Before delving into the intricacies of burnout syndrome, it is essential to gain a solid understanding of the basic concepts and definitions. This knowledge forms the basis for effective diagnosis and treatment of the condition.

What is burnout?

Burnout describes a state of physical and emotional fatigue that often occurs as a result of long-term stress and overload at work. A key symptom is persistent fatigue and emotional exhaustion, which affect performance and general well-being. A negative, distant attitude towards tasks and other people is also typical of burnout syndrome, which is often accompanied by a reduced personal performance and ability to achieve.

History and Development of the Term

The term burnout was coined in the 1970s by the American psychotherapist Herbert Freudenberger. Originally, the term referred to the consequences of severe professional overload on social workers and doctors. Today, it is defined more broadly and also includes other professional groups and everyday stress factors as possible triggers.

Clinical classification

Clinically, burnout syndrome is classified as a fatigue syndrome, which is not listed as a separate disease in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Nevertheless, modern psychiatry recognizes burnout as a serious clinical picture that requires targeted treatment. To make a diagnosis, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) criteria developed by Maslach or similar diagnostic tools are typically used. The Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy in Germany (BKJPP) emphasizes the importance of early detection and adequate therapy to avoid long-term consequences.


causes and risk factors


Burnout syndrome does not manifest itself randomly, but has specific causes and risk factors. These can be found in the work environment as well as in personal characteristics and behaviors.

workload and excessive demands

Work-related stress, especially long-term work-related stress, is a major factor in the development of burnout. When pressure and excessive demands become the norm in the workplace, the risk increases significantly. Typical triggers can be constant overtime, a high workload, constant time pressure and the feeling of not being valued.

personality factors and lifestyle

In addition to workload, personal characteristics also contribute to the risk of burnout. Perfectionism is considered a significant risk factor, as those affected often place disproportionately high demands on themselves that cannot be met in the long term. In addition, a high level of commitment and the inability to say no or delegate tasks can increase the risk of burnout.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The recognition of burnout syndrome is based on the identification of specific symptoms that can occur both psychologically and physically and is supported by a number of diagnostic procedures.

Mental and Physical Complaints

Psychological symptoms of burnout syndrome typically include states of emotional exhaustion, in which those affected feel overtired and empty. Warning signs can include reduced performance, loss of motivation and increased irritability.


These symptoms are often accompanied by psychosomatic complaints such as headaches or digestive disorders.

  • Emotional exhaustion: feeling overwhelmed and lacking energy.

  • Psychosomatic: Tension-related physical complaints.

Physical complaints can include digestive problems, headaches and persistent fatigue, often associated with sleep disorders. Such symptoms should be considered serious warning signs.


diagnostic procedures and recognition of burnouts

Burnout is usually diagnosed through detailed discussions between patients and professionals that address the specific symptoms and complaints. Questionnaires can also be used to assess the extent of the stress experienced.

  • Conversations: Includes the anamnesis of psychological and physical symptoms.

  • Questionnaires: For example, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which addresses the degree of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment.


Recognizing burnout requires a nuanced understanding of how overload and stress affect the individual and what factors may contribute to the development of the syndrome.

treatment methods and prevention

The treatment of burnout syndrome often requires a multimodal approach that includes both professional psychotherapeutic methods and individual prevention strategies. Stress management and relaxation exercises play a central role in prevention and therapy.

Therapeutic Approaches

In terms of therapeutic measures, psychotherapy, especially behavioral therapy, is often used. It aims to teach the affected person strategies for coping with stress and to change dysfunctional thought patterns. Support from experienced psychotherapists can be crucial in order to use the psychotherapeutically helpful techniques effectively.

  • Psychotherapy: Individually tailored therapeutic conversations

  • Behavioral therapy: acquisition of positive behavioral strategies

  • Stress management: Training to cope with stressors in everyday life

self-help and prevention strategies

For prevention and as part of self-help, relaxation exercises such as progressive muscle relaxation or mindfulness exercises are recommended. These methods help to regulate your own stress level and create a balance with your professional life.

  • Stress management: techniques to balance work and rest

  • Relaxation exercises: Methods such as meditation or yoga to reduce stress

By combining these therapeutic approaches and preventive measures, those affected can gain control over their symptoms and prevent exhaustion in the long term.

Do you need further help with burnout and depression?


Then contact me today!




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